Neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, have become increasingly common in recent years, and are characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in specific areas of the brain or spinal cord. Oxidative and nitrosative stress, along with excitotoxicity and caspase activation, have been identified as the primary culprits behind the loss of neuronal cells.

However, there is hope in the form of nutraceuticals, or bioactive compounds found in common foods, that have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in various disease models. One such group of compounds is the polyphenolic compounds found in rosemary, specifically carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid.

In a recent study, the neuroprotective effects of carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid were compared in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from rats. It was found that both compounds significantly reduced the death of CGNs induced by nitrosative stress. However, rosmarinic acid uniquely protected CGNs from excitotoxicity induced by glutamate, while only carnosic acid rescued CGNs from caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by removal of depolarizing extracellular potassium (5K apoptotic condition).

This study suggests that both carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid have unique and complementary neuroprotective effects against different modes of neuronal cell death, and future preclinical studies should explore their potential combined effects on neurodegenerative disease progression.

Carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid are becoming increasingly popular in the field of nutrition and wellness, and for good reason. Both compounds have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making them valuable additions to one's diet.

Carnosic acid, in particular, has been found to have several health benefits. It has been shown to improve cognitive function and memory, as well as protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it has been found to improve insulin sensitivity, making it a potential aid in managing type 2 diabetes.

Rosmarinic acid, on the other hand, has been found to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as being able to improve mood and reduce anxiety.

Both carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid can be found in rosemary, which is a versatile herb that can be easily incorporated into many dishes. However, it's important to note that the concentration of these compounds may vary depending on factors such as the time of harvest and the processing method.

In conclusion, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid are two valuable compounds found in rosemary that have shown promising neuroprotective effects against different modes of neuronal cell death. Including rosemary in one's diet may have numerous benefits, including potential protection against neurodegenerative diseases.